Related Question
SSC JE Electrical 2018 with solution SET-2
An inductor is a device which temporarily stores energy in the form of the magnetic field. It is usually a coil of wire. One of the basic property of the electromagnetism is that when you have current flowing through the wire it creates a small magnetic field around it.
One current first start to flow through the inductor a magnetic field start to expand then after some time magnetic field becomes constant then we have some energy stored in the magnetic field.
Once a constant magnetic field is generated in the Inductor, it will not change any further. As magnetic flux = N x I (Turns x Current), Inductor will draw a constant current to maintain the magnetic field.
Once current stop flowing the magnetic field start to collapse and the magnetic energy turned back into electric energy.
So when the current flowing through an inductor changes, the magnetic field also changes in the inductor and emf (electromotive force) is induced in the inductor as per Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
According to Lenz’s law, the direction of electromotive force(emf) opposes the change of current that created it. V= -Lx dI/dt (rate of change of current)
So inductor opposes any change of current through them.
Related Question
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL,) or Kirchhoff’s Loop Rule. This law is based on the conservation of energy and may be stated as under:
In any closed electrical circuit or loop, the algebraic sum of all the electromotive force (e.m.f s) and voltage drops in resistors is equal to zero, i.e., in any closed circuit or loop.
The algebraic sum of e.m.f s + Algebraic sum of voltage drops = 0
The validity of Kirchhoff’s voltage law can be easily established by referring to the loop ABCDA shown in Fig.
If we start from any point (say point A) in this closed circuit and go back to this point (i.e., point A) after going around the circuit, then there is no increase or decrease in potential. This means that algebraic sum of the e.m.f.s of all the sources (here only one e.m.f. source is considered) met on the way plus the algebraic sum of the voltage drops in the resistances must be zero. Kirchhoff’s voltage law is based on the law of conservation of energy, i.e., the net change in the energy of a charge alter completing the closed path is zero.
V1 + V2 − V = 0
or
Kirchhoff’s voltage law is also called as loop rule.
According to Kirchhoff’s Current Law: At any point in an electrical circuit, the sum of currents flowing towards that point is equal to the sum of currents flowing away from that point.
∴ I1 = 1 + 3 = 4A
V = IR
∴ V1 = I1R = 8 × 4
V1 = 32Ω
The resistance of the conductor is determined by the
R = ρL/A
Where
ρ = Resistivity of the conductor
L = Length of the conductor = 10 m
A = Area of the conductor = πR2 = 3.14 × 0.22 = 0.125 m2
R = Resistance = 2 Ω
Therefore the resistivity is
ρ = A × R ⁄ L
= 0.125 × 2 ⁄ 10
ρ = 0.025 Ω-m
As per Thevenin theorem, when resistance RL is connected across terminals A and B, the network behaves as a source of voltage ETh and internal resistance RT and this is called Thevenin equivalent circuit.
Thevenin Voltage
The Thevenin voltage used in Thevenin’s Theorem is an ideal voltage source equal to the open circuit voltage at the terminals.
In the given question, the resistance 10Ω does not affect this voltage and the resistances 30Ω and 20Ω form a voltage divider, giving
\begin{array}{l}{E_{Th}} = 100 \times \dfrac{30}{{30 + 20}}\\\\{E_{TH}} = 60V\end{array}
Thevenin’s resistance can be found by replacing 100 V source with a short-circuit.
Thevenin equivalent resistance for the given network is
R = (R1 || R2) + R3
Rth = (20 || 30) + 10 = (20 x 30) ⁄ (20 + 30) + 10 = 22Ω
Rth = 22Ω
The Load current Is calculated as
IL = ETH ⁄ (RTH + RL)
= 60 ⁄ (22 + 5) = 2.22 A
Hence the value of Thevenin voltage, Thevenin Resistance, and Load current is (60 V, 22Ω, 2.22A) respectively.