The operating time of an inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) overcurrent relay corresponding to plug-setting multiplier (PSM) = 1 and time-multiplier setting (TMS) = 1 will be

Equation of operating time for IDMT relay (t) = 0.14*TMS/[(PSM^0.02) - 1]
Here,
PSM = TMS = 1
So,
t = 0.14*1/(1 - 1)
t = infinite

A given solar cell has the following specifications:
Open-circuit voltage, Voc: 0.7 V
Short-circuit current, Isc: 3.5 A
Short-circuit current, Isc: 3.5 A
Short-circuit current, Isc: 3.5 A
If the solar cell operates at maximum power point, calculate the efficiency.

Equation is given by:
Efficiency = (F.F*Voc*Isc)/Pin
= (0.6*3.5*0.7)/10
= 0.14702
% efficiency = 14.7 %

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The power factor angle of a purely inductive circuit is

Power factor for purely inductive circuit is 0 and power factor angle is 90 degree.
Power factor for purely capacitive circuit is 0 and power factor angle is 90 degree
Power factor for purely resistive circuit is 1 and power factor angle is 0 degree

A 16 A, Type B Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) will disconnect a fault in 0.1s when the fault current is

Class B trip curve:
The MCB with class B trip characteristics trips instantaneously when the current flowing through it reaches between 3 to 5 times rated current. These MCBs are suitable for cable protection.
Hence, For 16 A current Type B MCB disconnect fault at 3*16 = 48 A to 5*16 = 80 A.

For sea water with σ = 5 mho/m and ε_r = 80, what is the distance for which ratio signal can be transmitted with 90% attenuation at 25 kHz?

Condition of good conductor:
σ/ϵω >> 1
Equation is given by:
The constant ratio = σ/ϵω
= 44913.6
σ/ϵω >> 1.
hence sea water is a acting as a good conductor Since attenuation is 90%, so transmission is 10%
So,
e^(-αx) = 0.1

Attenuation constant = √(σμϵ/2)
= 0.702
-αx = ln(0.1)
x = 3.27 m